BALITANG BETERANO:  FILIPINO-CHINESE  GUERRILLA  IN  WW2 IN RP

LAS VEGAS, NEVADA, December 1, 2005 (BALITANG BETERANO) By Col. Frank B. Quesada (USA Ret. Associate, PMA Class ‘44 Former Senate Committee Secretary Veterans and Military Pensions Committee) - Very little has been said and written about the Filipino-Chinese freedom fighters in the Philippines during World War II.

History would have a void if the truth is not told. These intrepid heroes from the minority segment of society, have acquitted themselves before the face of the enemy in the national resistance movement during the war of the United States against Japan [ 1941-1945] that involved Filipinos and Chinese alike in America’s war. They were fondly called “Chilipinos” – an acronym for Chinese-Filipinos in the country.

When the Japanese Imperial Forces invaded the Philippines in 1941- they were suspects. They had no respect for the Japanese, and were hunted along with patriotic Filipinos. When apprehended, they were also tortured – like their kin in the Chinese mainland.

Distinguished Unit

This particular treatise accounts for this guerrilla unit that have distinguished itself in the theatrical struggle for freedom, justice and human rights which this author had first-hand knowledge while in the same theatre of operation. This innocent-looking bunch of resistance fighters – were disguised as ordinary ubiquitous vendors that roamed around selling the popular snack – “ampaw”, or otherwise known as “puff rice.” In the course of their struggle, they affiliated with the formidable guerrilla unit of the Marking’s Guerrilla, led by Col. Agustin Marking, and by his second-in-command, Col. Yay Curtis Panlilio, a U.S. citizen. Yay originally was Gen. D. MacArthur’s intelligence agent who escaped capture by the Japanese, and found her way to join the guerrilla outfit of Marking in Rizal province, east of Manila.

Birth of the Ampaw Unit

Under affiliation of the Chilipino unit with Marking’s Guerrilla, they were humorously baptized as the “Ampaw Unit” being under-cover puff-rice vendors Nevertheless, while they were called “puff rice” commandos, they were truly an effective and determined like any other Filipino resistance fighters. Markings unit originally operated in Eastern Rizal province, some 30 kilometers from the Capital City of Manila, extending its operations in Laguna province. Its lair, was thatched between the forested mountain of the Sierra Madre, and the flaccid shores of abundant marine assets of Laguna de Bay, not far from my intelligence base in the foothills of Paete, Laguna overlooking Laguna de Bay.

Ampaw Unit concentrated its operations as the Marking’s intelligence and trigger liquidation squads in the towns of Antipolo, Taytay, Pasig, Tanay, Morong, Binangonan,Teresa,San Guillermo, Marikina, Montalban, and Manila accessible to Marking’s combat unit through couriers. Enemy Secrets Unfolded Pin-pointing of Japanese secret operations was the prime objective of the Ampaw unit – which was fed to the Marking’s combat raiders. The Japanese military occupational forces in Manila and adjacent provinces were at a loss how much of their vital secrets could leak into the hands of the guerrillas under their noses. Without mass support, the Japanese were totally hapless liken to forlorn aliens – as a prime target of guerrillas everywhere they went. Fighting a guerrilla war to them was a dilemma, which they were not prepared to cope with.

Impeccable Spies

The Ampaw operatives have distinguished themselves as innocuous puff rice vendors – which provided them a perfect alibi as ubiquitous merchants free to roam around Japanese garrisons and encampments under the nose of Japanese patrols. They have established an efficient system of covert collection of substantial intelligence about enemy military strength, locations, movement and enemy armaments using the Chinese language to mislead the local quislings (Makapili) spies of the Japanese. I was a beneficiary of some of their intelligence reports, as a coordinating intelligence operative for the united guerrilla forces that serviced Intel-reports to allied operatives – who in turn relayed them via radio nets to Gen. Charles Willouhby, G-2, of Gen. D. McArthur in (Southwest Pacific Command) in Australia.

Coordinating Intel-Operation

I have intercepted some of these Intel-materials from the Ampaw unit, in the course of my job as guerrilla Intel-coordinator. My Signal Corp cadet cadre training under the then Capt. Candido Bautista (PA Sig.) shortly before World War II - came in handy in such assigned work. And so with the help of another comrade, then Capt. Justino Pimentel (PA Sig) an expert Signal Corp officer who played a pivotal role in the resistance movement and in the Philippine Liberation Campaign. All sorts of information were classified and categorized for possible relay to the headquarters of Gen. Charles Willoughby, the Chief Intelligence Commander of Gen. D. Macarthur via radio to the headquarters of the Armed Forces in the Pacific( (AFPAC) of Gen. McArthur.

Other Guerrilla Units

Within the sphere of resistance operations in Luzon, other units were the: Hunters-ROTC Guerrilla, organized by PMA ’43 cadet Miguel Ver, and Cadet Eleuterio Adevoso (PMA ’44) and Col. Gustavo Ingles (PMA ’45), Col. Bernard Anderson’s USAFFE guerrilla, the Fil-American Irregular Troops under Col. Hugh Straughn, the Pres. Quezon’s Own Guerrilla under Col. Vicente Umali, Magsaysay and Corpus Guerrilla in Zambales with Col. G Merrill, the Ramsey ECLGA Guerrilla with Col. R. Lapham, the Communist HUKBALAHAPs under Col. Luis Taruc, and lastly the Chinese 48th Squadron under Capt. Ong Sy Kiat and Lee Yung-shaw, my pre-war contemporaries.

Clandestine Radio Nets

It was not long after the surrender of Bataan and Corregidor when radio contact by with AFPAC headquarters in Australia was established. Through planetary U.S. submarine landings in strategic points in the archipelago. MacArthur supplied guerillas with radios to maintain continuous contact, and arms and war materials in preparation for the possible return of MacArthur and allied liberation forces to the Philippines. Morale of the guerrillas were all-time high. These Intel-radio nets grew wider and wider as the liberation forces surges inch-by-inch toward the Philippines.

Communication Network

I can still recall most of the different call-signs of each radio net used in this stealthy operations like the following: stations: KAZ, the contact call sign for Gen. MacArthur, the initial radio net GRT, U9N and KIT assigned to Col. Bernard Anderson at Infanta, Tayabas (now Quezon province), 5U4 assigned to Alvin Farretta of Marking’s Guerrilla in Rizal, JWR. ETW and IQR4 assigned to the Bulacan Military Area of Col. Alejo Santos; YQZ9 for Capt. G. Merrill in Zambales, 3AB and JQ9 for Maj. Jay Vanderpool, adviser of the Hunters Guerilla, who was sent by Gen MacArthur via U.s submarine to work with the PMA-Hunter Guerrilla, and other units as well. ZELR for Col. Juanito Ferrer (PMA ’44); UAM for AIB’s Capt. Benny Newcastle; JIG and 7HC for col. A. Marking; SKPO for Capt. Rowe in Maricaban island; JI for Untalan in Marinduque; 8KU for Capt. Barros in Lopez, Quezon; and 32V for Carbonel at Naga, Camarines Sur.

There are a slew of other net stations in the other parts of the archipelago which I could not list all of them due the lack of space in this treatise. Radio contact with San Francisco, California was quite erratic under the call sign KGO. Only a handful were able to chance picking up KGO’s feint signal via short wave.

Enemy Intensified Zoning

More and more suspected guerrillas were caught inside the enemy devised dragnet (Zona). An enemy devise to hamlet and zeal towns to capture all men and torture them to secure whereabouts of guerrillas, etc. Ampaws members that were caught were no exception. All men were methodically tortured (beaten and drowned to secure forced confessions) using the infamous “water cure” through drowning. Many survived while a handful were executed depending on the enemy’s discretion. Some of those who admitted as guerrillas, and to accusations were either killed by decapitation (beheading) or shot. Very few were spared.

Ampaw Leader to the Rescue

In the case of the captured Ampaws, their leader, using an assumed nom de-guerre, Tomas intervened to save his men. He convinced the Japanese that those Chinese in captivity were ordinary innocent men were puff rice vendors earning a living. Therefore, were later released. However, after release they waited a while before returning to their units and again work against the enemy. Savaged Tortures An intensified dragnet operations netted high ranking guerrillas. Among them were my close chums: (a) Col. Gustavo Ingles PMA Class ’45) and PMA associate, Cav. Raul Manglapus PMA ’44). They were subjected to intense tortures also rendered them disabled. They were sentenced to serve time at the National Penitentiary in Muntinlupa, Rizal. But no sooner were later were rescued by their guerrilla comrades (of the Hunters) from captivity.

Our Capture

As POWs In Laguna province, in the town of Paete, we were caught inside an enemy dragnet as follows: (a) Cavalier Daniel Adea, (b) Cavalier Benitez Roque, and myself (all PMAyers ’44). We were among 2,500 men-folk of Paete crammed like sardines inside the Catholic church. There was nowhere to rest or sleep. Many remained sleeping standing or sitting up – while others were summoned to the tortured chambers repeatedly and truculently beaten..

The noted “Water Cure”

We were detained and beaten for eight days and night without food. Occasionally given water to drink – not to leave out the filthy water used during the drowning (the infamous water cure treatment) to illicit forced confessions from us. Nevertheless, we swore to endure and suffer the punishment with our lips sealed in order to save our comrades, and the innocent townspeople from death. This noted “water cure” was a brutal devise to deprive the prisoner from precious air by drowning, while being beaten to the pulp, helplessly tied to a bench. The faced is covered with burlap while pales of water is poured over the face. The sensation of drowning have forced victims to either lose self-possession or end up senseless. As we passed out, the enemy would check if we were dead, and if not – the beating continued.

Torture was not Novel

This form of torture was, by the way the same “water cure” technique – used by the Americans during their occupation of the Philippines used against Filipinos in the early 1898. History certainly repeated itself. The Japanese certainly learned such masterful art of punishment from the Americans and used it against the guerrillas in 1943-44. Many guerrillas and innocent Filipinos were perished under the iron heels of the notorious Japanese Kempei Tai (military police).

Go for Broke

However, all of us have sworn to go for broke ( do or die) and keep our lips sealed in order to save the rest of our comrades in captivity. Consequently, we ended up with broken ribs and limbs but survived the grueling ordeal under the savage torture under the barbaric maltreatment of the enemy. Ampaw members taken into custody suffered the same maltreatment. Some of us were executed by beheading. Very few lived to tell the tale of the horrors captivity.

Documented History

Along with us POWs - was a white Columban priest, Fr. Francis Vernon Douglas, a New Zealander, suspected as the chaplain of the guerrillas. This “Kiwi” priest turned out to be a war-hero for not also admitting anything to the Japanese jailers. “ A moment frozen in time on the Mount, his story resurfaced over 60 years on the cover of the first published book entitled “With No Regrets” written by Tauranga author, Pat Brooks, who 60 years later came to see me to confirm whether it was Fr. Douglas who was in the same prison with me. She wrote our story of torture in captivity and the fate of the “kiwi” priest Fr. F. V. Douglas.

An Endless Story

It is a story that was said, “Which would not rest in peace.” Pat Brooks traveled across the seas (Philippines, United states, New Zealand collecting details of the glorious death of Fr. Douglas. She had a personal mission of writing a book and producing a video of how the white priest was tortured and killed by the Japanese in 1943. There was a video produced by the Columban Catholic Order, entitled “Epitaph.” It portrayed our torture and the execution of Fr. Douglas as well as other guerrillas in the Philippines, which featured me as the only living witness to the fate of the white priest who was well loved in New Zealand. (Copies of the book can be secured from the Columban Fathers in Manila, and the video from the Greenstone Pictures, New Zealand.,P.O. Box 67-028, Mt Eden, Aukl;and. New Zeakland)

Who was Tomas?

Coming back to the Ampaw story, this intriguing character “Tomas” must be revealed if the truth must be told. The real Tomas – upon my further investigation turned out to be the intrepid Ampaw leader, Chua Sy Tiao. He was an unassuming Chinese immigrant to the Philippine before World War II and under cover, as a businessman. His undisclosed past I later discovered, was a reserved commissioned officer of the Chinese Koumintang Army of Generalissimo Chiang Kai Shiek. He was sent to the Philippines shortly before the Japanese invasion .

Man of the Hour

Tomas left China knowing fully well the Japanese Rape of Nanking, and atrocities done upon his countrymen during the Sino-Japanese War. It was surmised that the Chinese government fielded him among others to South China and the Philippines. This was unrevealed by the Armed Forces of the Philippines – until we were mustered out from military control, and processed by the U.S. Army (AFWESPAC) as among the “recognized” veterans, like the Filipino-Chinese guerrillas. I was listed as a colonel in the original roster of the Marking’s Guerrilla which was purged by AFWESPAC.

Seized the Opportunity

During the war, Tomas vowed to avenge the inhumanities perpetrated by the Japanese against his countrymen in China. So when the Japanese invaded the Philippines, he had a motive and a plan to resist the enemy. He seized the opportunity to organize - the what would turnout to be the Ampaw Unit if the Marking’s Guerrilla.

Birth of the Unit

From Manila to Antipolo, Tomas recruited fellow Chinese-Filipinos to form the original compact but effective unit designed to secure intelligence about the Japanese Forces, and at the same time supply Marking with much-needed food and supplies and intelligence reports.

Another Patriotic Chilipino

In the process, the Japanese were able to trace their cells, which led to the capture of a popular Filipino-Chinese publisher of the Fookien Times newspaper, Go Puan Seng, who also took to the hills of Bulacan with his family to evade capture and possible execution by the Japanese wh9o were hot on his trail. I came to know this when I was contacted by my uncle ( Tito Dans) who was responsible for the narrow escape of Go Puan Seng from the Japanese in Manila to the mountain vastness of the Sierra Madre, in the vicinity of Ipo dam. Go - was Fore-warned Gen. Carlos P. Romulo, publisher of the Philippines Herald, who just completed his 1941 tour of South-East Asia under Gen. McArthur’s direction, have jokingly warned Go Puan Seng that, he (Go) would be the first Chinese-Filipino that the Japanese would execute for writing anti-Japanese propaganda. And it proved to be true. Upon invasion by the Japanese of the Philippines, Go Puan Seng was in the wanted list of the Japanese Kempei Tai. Our family have known Go Puan Seng, and his family (Mrs. Go (Felisa), the children: Betty, Cecile, Dorcie, Elsie and Andrew, Not to leave out Amado Velasco, the brother of Feliza, for a number of years. They were co-church-goer of my uncle, Tito and his wife, Rosario Arevalo, and a daughter Rose Marie “Betsy,” who practically grew up with the Go Puan Sengs, while tending the Cosmopolitan Church in Manila, and later in the mountain hideout at Ipo, Bulacan They suffered and endured pains of privation of a hunted family un-accustomed to such sufferance being a well-to-do middle-class family, suddenly thrown in the wilderness of the forested area of the Blue Mountain and Mount Herbon. within the vicinity in Bulacan province, safe from Japanese patrols, until the Japanese retreated to the mountains to seek safety from the liberation forces in 1945. Go and the Aquino family desperately dodged the Japanese forces seeking safety in the mountain - from the advancing American liberation forces nearing Manila.

The Brave Martyrs

The Ampaw unit worked closely with those three courageous and determned American heroines: Mary Boyd Stagg, Hawthorne Darby and Helen Wick, who ran the Emmanuel Hospital in Tondo, Manila, who had been sheltering guerrillas and sending food and supplies to guerrillas. They risked the incessant enemy surveillance - while they valiantly helped he underground resistance movement. These three brave martyrs gave their lives so others may live in freedom. They were summarily executed by the Samurais by decapitation at the Chinese cemetery along with a number of Filipino martyrs for supporting the elusive Marking and Magsaysay guerrillas. It was said by a respected Filipino hero, Apolinario Mabini that,  and I quote: “History is cruel because it is just !” And so was the predicament of Filipinos and Chinese alike during the trying times of enemy occupation they endured. But was it just?

For God and Country - it certainly was a cruel endeavor. Philippine Liberation Period American and allied liberators finally arrived Luzon on January 1945. Guerrillas were tasked to fight side-by-side with the American forces. The Ampaw unit of the Marking Guerilla was particularly attached to the U.S. 43rd Infantry Division led by Brig. Gen. Leonard Wing, and also with the 103rd Infantry Division commanded by BGen. Alex Stark. I had access to these two famous combat Generals, whom I knew it quite while I was assigned to the 43rd Division Counter-Intelligence Command (CIC) also collaborating with the 11th Corps – interrogating captured local quislings (Makapilis) and gatherng captured documents for immediate translation for the use of the 43rd division and the 103rd Infantry and pther liberation forces.

Veritable Ampaw

Heroism I personally saw the Ampaw unit at their best hour especially during the Battle of Ipo Dam Campaign in the rugged mountain vastness of the Angat Water shed defended by the suicidal Shimbu Japanese defenders holed inside caves. In Ipo Dam area, was their last ditch stand against the mighty U.S. Forces that threw all its might to annihilate them which took thousands of American and Filipino lives – for the capture of Ipo Dam. Ipo Dam was a special target – because it was the only source of potable water for the City of Manla, and where the U.S.Army headquarters of Gen. MacArthur was located. At the Field and Headquarters I worked among the crack CIC intel-agents: Ray E. Jackson of Monticello. N.Y, and Eric Hager of Tenally, N.J. And then with 152nd Artillery composite company led by Capt. Rivers Deglow, whom became my war buddy. I was having a ball working with these intrepid GIs who were professionals in their trade. And also had given me access to the artillery small aircraft (L-4s and L-5s), by flying them in spotting enemy lairs over the Sierra Madre mountain where the Shimbu defense line of the enemy were concentrated. The Japanese chose this place to fight to the last man, having been stranded in the Philippines orphaned from any further logistics and help from Tokyo. They were Gen. To Yamashita’s kamikaze troops who vowed to fight to the last Bushido in the Philippines.

The Ampaw’s Role

The Ampaw unit came through this struggle with flying colors under the leaderships of; Col. Chua Sy Tiao (Tomas), commanded by Col. Agustin Marking and Col. Yay Curtis Marking – who won sole credit – granted by BGen. L. Wing for capturing Ipo Dam after many months of bloody fighting. Nothing can honor the courageous combat men of the Ampaw Unit - but by remembering as many of them whom I had the great pleasure of serving with in the United States Armed Forces liberation campaigners in this campaign. No other guerrilla unit had the discipline than this one – whose men were so dedicated and determined to annihilate the enemy. To free the Philippines from the evil yoke of the enemy.

Here are their listed names of officers and non-commissioned officers. However, I failed to secure the complete list of EMs. (My apologies to those omitted) Col. Chua Sy Tiao, Commanding Officer, Major Clinton C. Tan, Exec. Officer, Lt. Wong Si Yew, Sgt.So Peng, Sgt. Chua Tian, Lt. Cheng Te, Lt. Teng Pok, Sgt. Ang Se, Sgt. Tan Lit, Pfc. Yu Go Kee, Sgt. Ang Ka. Major Robert Tiongson, Col. Tan Tiam, Sgt. See Kio, Capt. Chua Hu, Lt. Co Heng, Sgt. Se Ban, Sgt.Ricardo Cheng, Capt. Ernesto Ang, Sgt. Tuan Chua, Sgt. Lim Tan Pee, Lt. Co Tan Yian, Capt. Lim song, Sgt. Chang Too, Capt. Sy Ban, Sgt. Ricardo Cheng, Sgt. Tan Kim Sing, Major On Hai. Sgt., Tiu Cheing Chao, Sgt. May Ong Kiao, Lt. Go Sy Chiong, Lt. Ang Liong, Sgt. Go Ban, Sgt.,Li Siong, Sgt. Si chuy, Sgt.,Ngo Guan, Lt, Kaw Lin, Sgt.,Hua Bang, Sgt. Tan Lin Kim, Sgt. Ching Kiat, Sgt. Chua Dy, Capt.Ng Tee, Lt. Yuong Chaw, Sgt. Tan Lai, Sgt. Lao Bio, Sgt. Tek Him, Lt. Ong Ko Lim, Sgt. Ong Chua, Pfc. Tan Khi, Sgt. Chua Lit, Lt. One Lian Tee, Sgt. Chua Pue Hong, Cpl.Uy Lim, Lt. Au Yong Lit, Sgt. Chua Hian, Sgt. Li San, Sgt. Ching Pong, Lt.Chan Heng, Sgt., Tan Bong, Sgt. Chan Heng and Sgt. See Lak. BGen A, Marking’s Testimonial “

I personally commend the Ampaw Unit for their heroic and gallant contribution for the sake of our beloved country (which was also adopted by some of them), and the United States of America. I have seen them for myself in their most heroic hours in World War II in the Philippines.(circa 1942 to 1945). And as for the Chinese nationals who chose to fight on the side of freedom and Democracy – they have carved a niche if fame in the saga of our struggle against a savage enemy. These men deserved our respect and honor along with gratitude in the name of justice and liberty for all free men. As for own Chilipinos – who shed blood for God and country- they deserve out utmost camaraderie. All of them who served with us in the active military service to the United States and the Philippines should not be suckers of class legislation. I strongly stand against any form of discrimination which downgrade these men of honor and dignity. Gen. Marking was never so proud of is men – and have asked me to record this and write about it for posterity.

My Reflections

As for this author’s reflection: I stood beside U.S. Gen. Leonardo Wing and Gen. Alex Stark, respectively in awarding the Ampaw Unit their hard-earned commendations and awards like what any member of the U.S. Armed Forces deserved. They must be awarded and conferred the rights, privileges and benefits they earned in the frontlines, like those who have also been conferred and awarded the same honor who shed blood for Uncle Sam, and the Philippine Commonwealth. They are no different or any less than any servicemen whose belief like Goethe that said: “No one is as hopelessly enslaved as a person who thinks he is free.”

As a freedom founder, I served as Senate Committee Secretary on Veterans and Military Pensions, more specifically fighting for justice and fairness for the denied compensation and wartime benefits of his comrades in World War II – unjustly taken away from the by the 79th U.S. Congress. This is one of the cruel hoaxes heaped upon the heroes of Bataan, Corregior and the freedom fighters (guerrillas ) in the Philippines that saved billions of dollars for the United states, and more over, saved millions of lives of American GIs from Harms Way in the Philippine Liberation Campaign. One million Filipino civilians perished in America’s war against the Japan – that involved Filipinos. And I close this treatise by saying that: To be free is not enough in this trying time of continued liberation of man from the clutches of a dehumanizing game of domination. God’s truth is – all might be free - if we value freedom, but we must fight for it. Nothing is truly free. We are born free – but in many places he is in chains, even in America. William L. Bowles was right when he said that: “The cause of freedom is the cause of God.” And as far as the enemy is concerned - no bad men are free. And in John, 8:32, “And we shall know the truth, and the truth shall me us free.”

NOTE: This author has written several accounts of World War Ii in the Philippines, like “Freedom At Dawn” about the rescue- liberation of 2,146 Americans and allied prisoners-of-war in 1945 by the joint operation of the US 11th Airborne Division, the Hunters ROTC Guerrilla and other contributing units. And another treatise, “Ordeal In War’s Hell” about the capture and torture of Filipino freedom fighters along with Fr. Francis Verson Douglas, a Columban priest from New Zealand killed by the Japanese. It included his exploits during and later World War II as a participant in: (a) The daring escape from captivity by the Chinese Communist Red Army of the vanquished Chinese Koumintang Army and government of Generalissimo Chiang Kai Shek to freedom from Lunghua, China to Taiwan. (b) The Airlift Operations of logistics to the U.N. troops in Korea during the Korean Conflict, © Psy-war observer participant in Laos during the Vietnam Conflict, (d) The IRO’s mass “reverse exodus” repatriation of returning displaced Jews and Arabs via Lydda, Israel for resettlement to the Middle East after WW-II. . Commendations He was awarded the Order of Renaissance and Honor by Lt. Gen. Chao Tsu Yu (ROC) in behalf of Republic of China, President. Chiang Ching Kou for his “valuable service to the emergency-safe evacuation of the Koumintang Government and the Nationalist Army from Lunghua (Shanghai) China to safety in Taiwan. For his participated in the IRO’s mass evacuation of stateless refugees (White Russians, Estonians, etc.,) to freedom via Guiuan Islands and then to the U.S. and South America. Also was conferred the Medal of Highest Honor with Cravat by the VACRS, Republic of China, and study grant to the Defense and Political sponsored by the World Council of Freedom. Was also awarded by the American Legion’s Veterans Affairs Commission, the prestigious International Amity Award in grateful recognition of his outstanding service. And the highest award, the :Military Merit Medal” of the USARNG for excellence. Completed doctoral studies on International Structures of Governments and Socio- Economic Systems; Military Law and International Relations. Awarded the gold medal for excellence (International Tourism Industry Management and Tourist Security) by World Tourism Organization’s United Nations Consultatif: Secretary General, Robert C. Lonati – for completion of the Professional and Technical Studies at the Cours Pluridiscipline Unions Internationale des Oreganismes Etude Superiore Du Turisme, at Turin, Italy and Geneve, Switzerland. Was a ranking delegate to the International Conference on Human Rights and Social Welfare in Helsinki, Finland. Completed service as member of the United States Defense Committee, chaired by Gen. Daniel O. Graham (White House) during the Reagan Administration. Holds a Distinguish United .States. Congressional Citation awarded by Rep. Don Clausen ( R- CA) U.S. Congress. He retired from the U.S. Armed Services as a full Colonel, and from the U.S Federal Court of Appeals (Circuit Executive Office, 9th Circuit). Resided with his wife Lou, Administrative Officer of the School of nursing at San Francisco State University, in San Francisco, California. U.S.A. Then built his made-to-order retirement home in Las Vegas, Nevada – where he devotes writing his treatises and books about World War II. # #

fbquesada@cox.net

Chief News Editor: Sol Jose Vanzi

© Copyright, 2005  by PHILIPPINE HEADLINE NEWS ONLINE
All rights reserved

PHILIPPINE HEADLINE NEWS ONLINE [PHNO] WEBSITE